First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar

This age was preceded by Valian years, Years of the Lamps, and the Years of the Trees. The "Elder Days" refers primarily to this time frame but also includes the 2nd and 3rd ages. The 590 Years of the Sun are contained within the First Age. It is sometimes inaccurately called the First Age of the Sun. Although Tolkien's own sources vary the length of this age from 4,902 to 65,390 solar years, the Tolkien canon eventually and finally stated 65,390. Tolkien descriptions of the age focus on the last 6 centuries in Beleriand and the war waged by Sindar, the Noldor and the Three Houses of the Edain with Morgoth the armies of Angband and the evil Men from the East. The Sons of Fëanor have an important role during this time. The overthrough of Morgoth marking the end of this age was by the forces of Valinor and Beleriand.

Notable events:
Awakening of the Elves
Secret capture of elves by Melkor. Orcs are the end result.
Melian, A Maia (an angelic being), has children wih Elwë the elf (Elu Thingol). This is a very key event. Though much benefit came of this union, Maia heritage in Middle-Earth will be a source of much suffering. Aragorn, Arwen, and their children are the only known continuation of this heritage.
The siege of Utumno (a 5 year battle)
Awakening of the Dwarves
Awakening of the Ents
The Sun is created to mark the awakening of Men and the waning of the Elves
The First Battle of Beleriand
The Dagor-nuin-Giliath (Battle under the Stars)
The Dagor Aglareb (Glorious Battle)
The Dagor Bragollach (Battle of Sudden Flame)
The Nírnaeth Arnoediad (Unnumbered Tears)
The War of Wrath
Overthrow of Morgoth