Multiple buffering

Double buffering was invented to remove flickering and improve performance of games with monitor refresh synchronization.
... Page-flipping was an early double buffering method.

Triple buffering allows the game internal logic to be separated from understanding monitor refresh as it will always have a buffer it can write to, unlike with double buffering where it may have to wait for a buffer to become free.

Quad buffering is double buffering for stereoscopic solutions. Though it can also refer to triple buffering with additional back buffer.